谁为每个具有 IRI 的实例添加 owl:NamedIndividual 作为 rdf:type？

Question

我正在努力理解

owl:NamedIndividual

的兴趣（https://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/wiki/FullSemanticsNamedIndividuals）

如果我在 Protegé 中打开以下文件，并将其保存回 .ttl 文件

@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix countrybase: <http://www.dummy.com/soquestion/2023/countries#> .

countrybase:countryName rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ,
                                        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
                               rdfs:domain countrybase:Country ;
                               rdfs:range xsd:string ;
                               rdfs:label "CountryName"@en .


countrybase:Country rdf:type owl:Class ;
                           owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                                        owl:onProperty countrybase:countryName ;
                                                                        owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                                                        owl:onDataRange xsd:string
                                                                      ]
                                                                    ) ;
                                                 rdf:type owl:Class
                                               ] ;
                           owl:hasKey ( countrybase:countryName ) ;
                           .


countrybase:Country-Germany rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                                  countrybase:Country ;
                                  countrybase:countryName "Germany" ;
                                  .

countrybase:Country-Greece rdf:type 
                                  countrybase:Country ;
                                  countrybase:countryName "Greece" ;
                                  .

_:B1657117687b18459b00 rdf:type 
                                  countrybase:Country ;
                                  countrybase:countryName "Hungary" ;
                                  .

_:B1657117687b18459b99 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                                  countrybase:Country ;
                                  countrybase:countryName "Iceland" ;
                                  .

我得到了

@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix countrybase: <http://www.dummy.com/soquestion/2023/countries#> .
@base <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .

[ rdf:type owl:Ontology
 ] .

#################################################################
#    Data properties
#################################################################

###  http://www.dummy.com/soquestion/2023/countries#countryName
countrybase:countryName rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ,
                                 owl:FunctionalProperty ;
                        rdfs:domain countrybase:Country ;
                        rdfs:range xsd:string ;
                        rdfs:label "CountryName"@en .


#################################################################
#    Classes
#################################################################

###  http://www.dummy.com/soquestion/2023/countries#Country
countrybase:Country rdf:type owl:Class ;
                    owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                                 owl:onProperty countrybase:countryName ;
                                                                 owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                                                 owl:onDataRange xsd:string
                                                               ]
                                                             ) ;
                                          rdf:type owl:Class
                                        ] ;
                    owl:hasKey ( countrybase:countryName
                               ) .


#################################################################
#    Individuals
#################################################################

###  http://www.dummy.com/soquestion/2023/countries#Country-Germany
countrybase:Country-Germany rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                                     countrybase:Country ;
                            countrybase:countryName "Germany" .


###  http://www.dummy.com/soquestion/2023/countries#Country-Greece
countrybase:Country-Greece rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                                    countrybase:Country ;
                           countrybase:countryName "Greece" .


[ rdf:type countrybase:Country ;
  countrybase:countryName "Hungary"
] .

[ rdf:type countrybase:Country ;
   countrybase:countryName "Iceland"
 ] .

###  Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.25.2023-02-15T19:15:49Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi

owl:NamedIndividual

已从空白节点中删除并添加到具有 IRI 的个体中。

我的问题：

• 添加类型来表明某物具有 IRI 的目的是什么？
• 有没有办法指定某个东西应该在类（即

  Country

  ）级别有一个IRI？我希望声明

  Country

  有

  owl:NamedIndividual

  的子类，但到目前为止我还无法这样做......有什么原因吗？

Answer 1

表示

X rdf:type NamedIndividual

的三元组尚未移动。根据定义，由空白节点表示的个体不是命名个体 - 事实相反，即任何命名个体都有 IRI 并且不由空白节点表示。

您在这里看到的是 Protege 明确表示指定个体被声明为命名个体（声明是可选的，因此旧文件和新文件都是正确的）。 您的三元组

_:B1657117687b18459b99 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual

被丢弃，因为 OWLAPI 无法理解它 - 它不符合预期的 RDF 到 OWL 映射。