使用 ggplot2 绘制每月天气数据

Question

我正在尝试调整这个简单的代码来可视化2001-2010年的每月降水量、温度和相对湿度数据。但是，结果图中的轴范围太大。例如，我的数据集中的平均温度范围是 -7.08 到 26.86，但图表显示该变量的范围是 0 到 300。代表数据温度和湿度的线在图表中不可见。他们似乎已被策划，但并没有按预期出现。

这是可重现的示例：

df <- structure(list(YEAR = c(2000, 2001, 2001, 2001, 2001, 2001, 2001, 
                        2001, 2001, 2001, 2001, 2001, 2001, 2002, 2002, 2002, 2002, 2002, 
                        2002, 2002, 2002, 2002, 2002, 2002, 2002, 2003, 2003, 2003, 2003, 
                        2003, 2003, 2003, 2003, 2003, 2003, 2003, 2003, 2004, 2004, 2004, 
                        2004, 2004, 2004, 2004, 2004, 2004, 2004, 2004, 2004, 2005, 2005, 
                        2005, 2005, 2005, 2005, 2005, 2005, 2005, 2005, 2005, 2005, 2006, 
                        2006, 2006, 2006, 2006, 2006, 2006, 2006, 2006, 2006, 2006, 2006, 
                        2007, 2007, 2007, 2007, 2007, 2007, 2007, 2007, 2007, 2007, 2007, 
                        2007, 2008, 2008, 2008, 2008, 2008, 2008, 2008, 2008, 2008, 2008, 
                        2008, 2008, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 
                        2009, 2009, 2009, 2010, 2010, 2010, 2010, 2010, 2010, 2010, 2010, 
                        2010, 2010, 2010, 2010), month = c("December", "April", "August", 
                                                           "December", "February", "January", "July", "June", "March", "May", 
                                                           "November", "October", "September", "April", "August", "December", 
                                                           "February", "January", "July", "June", "March", "May", "November", 
                                                           "October", "September", "April", "August", "December", "February", 
                                                           "January", "July", "June", "March", "May", "November", "October", 
                                                           "September", "April", "August", "December", "February", "January", 
                                                           "July", "June", "March", "May", "November", "October", "September", 
                                                           "April", "August", "December", "February", "January", "July", 
                                                           "June", "March", "May", "November", "October", "September", "April", 
                                                           "August", "December", "February", "January", "July", "June", 
                                                           "March", "May", "November", "October", "September", "April", 
                                                           "August", "December", "February", "January", "July", "June", 
                                                           "March", "May", "November", "October", "September", "April", 
                                                           "August", "December", "February", "January", "July", "June", 
                                                           "March", "May", "November", "October", "September", "April", 
                                                           "August", "December", "February", "January", "July", "June", 
                                                           "March", "May", "November", "October", "September", "April", 
                                                           "August", "December", "February", "January", "July", "June", 
                                                           "March", "May", "November", "October", "September"), total_rain = c(0, 
                                                                                                                               31.62, 82.73, 68.57, 53.39, 58.26, 167.69, 99.49, 114.37, 128.83, 
                                                                                                                               20.5, 21.92, 61.9, 39.91, 72.38, 109.6, 28.85, 82.93, 104.89, 
                                                                                                                               59.59, 123.88, 77.08, 119.68, 127.47, 122.63, 172.74, 163.4, 
                                                                                                                               84.12, 142.47, 50.37, 174.77, 165.84, 129.24, 126.63, 117.04, 
                                                                                                                               49.48, 106.39, 93.99, 97.12, 78.74, 75.4, 45.45, 101.28, 146.53, 
                                                                                                                               58.48, 96.85, 104.12, 64.47, 259.29, 91.63, 85.85, 81.31, 57.48, 
                                                                                                                               73.13, 161.34, 99.85, 100.79, 50.32, 87.82, 113.9, 14.94, 97.52, 
                                                                                                                               120.2, 72.52, 35.83, 88.76, 104.12, 175.53, 34.18, 60.07, 107.2, 
                                                                                                                               104.32, 114.34, 83.92, 46.56, 91.12, 56.16, 69.57, 97.58, 107.81, 
                                                                                                                               99.23, 38.87, 23.25, 134.55, 59.15, 108.3, 138.68, 95.95, 72.98, 
                                                                                                                               40, 105.43, 76.5, 92.1, 67.17, 59.6, 43.73, 102.05, 86.69, 114.03, 
                                                                                                                               169.59, 53.03, 90.54, 107.6, 146.18, 96.85, 191.26, 119.76, 87.34, 
                                                                                                                               106.33, 55.26, 120.61, 62.02, 80.53, 130.04, 121.64, 84.1, 111.81, 
                                                                                                                               117.08, 72.93, 65.58, 100.37), mean_temp = c(-7.08, 13.5, 23.43, 
                                                                                                                                                                            5.19, 4.63, 0.46, 22.68, 22.03, 4.77, 18.07, 10.51, 12.2, 18.06, 
                                                                                                                                                                            14.25, 24.37, 0.43, 3.02, 2.76, 25.45, 23.46, 7.52, 17.34, 6.09, 
                                                                                                                                                                            13.87, 20.98, 12.14, 23.11, 0.79, 0.97, -1.22, 22.44, 20.08, 
                                                                                                                                                                            8.11, 16.61, 9.74, 12.2, 17.98, 12.41, 22.13, 2.44, 1.42, -0.31, 
                                                                                                                                                                            23.53, 21.56, 8.11, 19.8, 8.83, 14.33, 19.13, 12.22, 24.6, -0.1, 
                                                                                                                                                                            3.02, 2.77, 24.54, 21.64, 5.24, 15.51, 8.66, 14.48, 21.52, 14.33, 
                                                                                                                                                                            24.54, 4.86, 1.98, 4.42, 24.08, 21.83, 7.2, 16.55, 8.22, 11.57, 
                                                                                                                                                                            17.95, 11.32, 26.86, 4.75, -0.2, 2.91, 23.3, 22.59, 9.64, 17.91, 
                                                                                                                                                                            6.53, 16.35, 21.38, 12.54, 22.94, 3.57, 3.91, 0.65, 24.01, 23.91, 
                                                                                                                                                                            7.33, 16.35, 5.31, 12.2, 19.46, 12.5, 23.03, 0.5, 2.32, 0.06, 
                                                                                                                                                                            21.68, 21.69, 6.67, 17.3, 8.55, 12.48, 19.08, 13.99, 24.52, -2.72, 
                                                                                                                                                                            -2.63, -1.5, 25.45, 23.99, 7.02, 18.73, 7.27, 14.01, 21.1), mean_rh = c(86.4, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    72.96, 72.19, 73.56, 75.66, 75.61, 70.86, 70.88, 73.23, 69.4, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    64.71, 60.92, 66.56, 71.78, 63.03, 86.24, 70.36, 78.04, 64.6, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    62.9, 76.59, 67.54, 82.01, 82.58, 70.91, 84.24, 83.63, 81.27, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    86.27, 80.1, 84.13, 81.88, 84.91, 84.9, 77.39, 78.23, 79.94, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    75.2, 72.94, 79.33, 80.15, 80.06, 73.7, 79, 78.94, 78.68, 81.42, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    84.18, 79.35, 78.21, 70.42, 82.36, 82.22, 84.23, 77.34, 76.14, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    80.7, 75.11, 69.03, 72.83, 61.95, 73.48, 68.09, 78.53, 76.51, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    82.82, 71.16, 68.9, 73.7, 69.8, 76.67, 73.81, 76.98, 73.18, 59.32, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    81.1, 75.2, 80.22, 65.39, 65.82, 78.02, 70.13, 73.05, 69.43, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    61.26, 77.79, 66.35, 82.25, 78.95, 77.56, 64.5, 62.35, 77.1, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    73.89, 72.58, 70.21, 75.86, 76.53, 75.8, 85.05, 78.31, 79.92, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    76.9, 81.67, 82.01, 83.01, 82.54, 78.1, 76.27, 76.19, 73.32, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    78.53, 90.08, 82.42, 65.86, 76.54, 81.49, 81.75, 74.36, 65.27, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    63.09)), class = c("grouped_df", "tbl_df", "tbl", "data.frame"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ), row.names = c(NA, -121L), groups = structure(list(YEAR = c(2000, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010), 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         .rows = structure(list(1L, 2:13, 14:25, 26:37, 38:49, 50:61, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                62:73, 74:85, 86:97, 98:109, 110:121), ptype = integer(0), class = c("vctrs_list_of", 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     "vctrs_vctr", "list"))), class = c("tbl_df", "tbl", "data.frame"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ), row.names = c(NA, -11L), .drop = TRUE))

使用的代码

df$month <- factor(df$month, levels = month.name)

ggplot(df, aes(x = month)) +
  geom_bar(aes(y = total_rain/4, fill = "Precipitation"), stat = "identity") +
  geom_line(aes(y = mean_temp, color = "Temperature")) +
  geom_point(aes(y = mean_temp)) +
  geom_line(aes(y = mean_rh, color = "Relative Humidity"), linetype = "dashed") +
  geom_point(aes(y = mean_rh), shape = 17) +
  scale_x_discrete(limits = month.name) +
  scale_y_continuous(
    name = "Temperature (°C)",
    sec.axis = sec_axis(~.*4, name = "Precipitation (mm)")
  ) +
  scale_color_manual(
    name = "",
    values = c("Temperature" = "black", "Relative Humidity" = "blue")
  ) +
  scale_fill_manual(name = "", values = "orange") +
  theme(
    text = element_text(size = 15),
    axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1),
    legend.position = "bottom"
  )

这是输出

我想要的输出就在这里，除了我也想添加

mean_rh

。

Answer 1

df_avg <- df |>
  ungroup() |>
  summarize(across(mean_temp:mean_rh, ~mean(.x)), .by = month)
  


ggplot(df, aes(x = month)) +
  geom_bar(aes(y = total_rain/4, fill = "Precipitation"), stat = "identity") +
  geom_line(aes(y = mean_temp, color = "Temperature", group = 1), data = df_avg) +
  geom_point(aes(y = mean_temp, color = "Temperature"), data = df_avg) +
  geom_line(aes(y = mean_rh, color = "Relative Humidity", group = 1), 
            linetype = "dashed", data = df_avg) +
  geom_point(aes(y = mean_rh, color = "Relative Humidity"), shape = 17, data = df_avg) +
  scale_x_discrete(limits = month.name) +
  scale_y_continuous(
    name = "Temperature (°C)",
    sec.axis = sec_axis(~.*4, name = "Precipitation (mm)")
  ) +
  scale_color_manual(
    name = "",
    values = c("Temperature" = "black", "Relative Humidity" = "blue")
  ) +
  scale_fill_manual(name = "", values = "orange") +
  theme(
    text = element_text(size = 15),
    axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1),
    legend.position = "bottom"
  )