使用cx_Freeze从Python3.6脚本导入pandas构建可执行文件时出错

Question

我正在尝试使用cx_Freeze创建一个Python 3.6可执行文件，其中包括pandas和numpy。我正在使用Python 3.6.5和使用virtualenvwrapper创建的虚拟环境。我正在Windows 10上开发.cx_Freeze版本是5.1。熊猫版本是0.23.4。

我的setup.py看起来像这样：

import os
from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable

PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.__file__))
os.environ['TCL_LIBRARY'] = os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'tcl', 'tcl8.6')
os.environ['TK_LIBRARY'] = os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'tcl', 'tk8.6')

executables = [Executable("main.py", base=base)]

packages = ["idna", "os", "numpy","importlib", "pandas"]
options = {
    'build_exe': {
        'packages':packages,
        'include_files':[
            os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tk86t.dll'),
            os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tcl86t.dll'),
            os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'sqlite3.dll'),
         ],
    },
}

setup(
    name = "MyScript",
    options = options,
    version = "0.1",
    description = 'Placeholder desc',
    executables = executables
)

请注意，我手动设置env变量，因为在构建过程中没有找到它们，我不得不手动将DLL移动到virtualenv文件夹。

脚本看起来像这样：

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
root.mainloop()

如果我评论出import pandas as pd，一切正常。如果我添加pandas导入，我会收到以下错误：

C:\path\to\project\build\exe.win-amd64-3.6>MyScript.exe
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\path\to\Envs\MyEnv\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\initscripts\__startup__.py", line 14, in run
    module.run()
  File "C:\path\to\Envs\MyEnv\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\initscripts\Console.py", line 26, in run
    exec(code, m.__dict__)
  File "MyScript.py", line 2, in <module>
  File "C:\path\to\Envs\MyEnv\lib\site-packages\pandas\__init__.py", line 23, in <module>
    from pandas.compat.numpy import *
  File "C:\path\to\Envs\MyEnv\lib\site-packages\pandas\compat\__init__.py", line 32, in <module>
    from distutils.version import LooseVersion
  File "C:\path\to\Envs\MyEnv\lib\distutils\__init__.py", line 17, in <module>
    real_distutils = imp.load_module("_virtualenv_distutils", None, distutils_path, ('', '', imp.PKG_DIRECTORY))
  File "C:\path\to\Envs\MyEnv\lib\imp.py", line 245, in load_module
    return load_package(name, filename)
  File "C:\path\to\Envs\MyEnv\lib\imp.py", line 217, in load_package
    return _load(spec)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 683, in _load
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'name'

我已经在网上看到了很多论坛和堆栈溢出问题（实际上我必须修复很多错误才能到达这里）但是我无法解决cx_Freeze缺失的问题。

我已经卸载并重新安装了pandas，我卸载了cx_Freeze并尝试安装以前的版本（安装失败，但这是一个不同的SO问题）。我实际上尝试过pyinstaller和py2exe但是有太多的错误（更难以修复）我放弃了除了cx_Freeze之外的任何东西来创建可执行文件。

有人可以帮忙吗？

Answer 1

在cx_Freeze版本5.1.1中，包含的模块位于构建目录的子目录lib中。手动添加的DLL显然也需要移动到那里。

您可以通过以下修改setup.py脚本来执行此操作：

options = {
    'build_exe': {
        'packages': packages,
        'include_files': [
             (os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tk86t.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'tk86t.dll')),
             (os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tcl86t.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'tcl86t.dll')),
             (os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'sqlite3.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'sqlite3.dll'))
        ],
    },
}

我实际上不确定sqlite3.dll是否也需要转移到lib。

鉴于它似乎表明pandas和tkinter之间存在进口冲突，你的问题很有意思。这可能就是为什么你会收到与此问题中报告的不同的错误消息： Getting "ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found" when using cx_Freeze even with tcl86t.dll and tk86t.dll added in

编辑：我设法使用以下配置在Windows 7上使用Python 3.6.5冻结并运行OP的示例脚本main.py而没有错误

idna 2.7（用pip安装） numpy 1.14.3 + mkl（使用Gohlke's binaries安装） 熊猫0.23.4（用点子安装） cx_Freeze 5.1.1（用pip安装）

我使用以下setup.py脚本：

import os
import sys
from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable

PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.__file__))
os.environ['TCL_LIBRARY'] = os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'tcl', 'tcl8.6')
os.environ['TK_LIBRARY'] = os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'tcl', 'tk8.6')

base = None
if sys.platform == "win32":
    base = "Win32GUI"

executables = [Executable("main.py", base=base)]

packages = ["idna", "os", "numpy", "importlib", "pandas"]
options = {
    'build_exe': {
        'packages': packages,
        'include_files': [
             (os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tk86t.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'tk86t.dll')),
             (os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tcl86t.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'tcl86t.dll')),
             (os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'sqlite3.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'sqlite3.dll'))
        ],
    },
}

setup(
    name="MyScript",
    options=options,
    version="0.1",
    description='Placeholder desc',
    executables=executables
)