这是我运行 conda update conda 并获得 Flask 版本 2.3 之前的工作。
>>$env:FLASK_APP="wsgi"
>>$env:FLASK_ENV="development"
>>flask run
这是我升级到 Flask 2.3 后尝试的方法，我无法使用 $env:FLASK_ENV="development" 因为我收到一条错误消息说 use FLASK_DEBUG=1
>>$env:FLASK_APP="wsgi"
>>$env:FLASK_DEBUG=1
>>flask run
这是我运行上述命令后的错误https://pastebin.com/NNEhi5GW
这是我当前环境中的 conda 列表https://pastebin.com/rm7qv0Aq
这是相关代码
应用程序/init.py
# __init__.py in not in users folder
from flask import Flask
from flask_ckeditor import CKEditor
from flask_login import LoginManager
from flask_migrate import Migrate
from flask_redmail import RedMail
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_wtf.csrf import CSRFProtect
# Setup CSRF protection. This allows html forms to work and be secure
csrf = CSRFProtect()
# make mail work
email = RedMail()
ckeditor = CKEditor()
app = Flask(__name__)
# Make @login_required work
login_manager = LoginManager(app)
# You get a custom login message when @login_required appears in the code.
login_manager.login_message_category = 'Login is required'
# Should I use auth.login ? What is this?
login_manager.login_view = 'login'
# setup databases
db = SQLAlchemy()
#for flask migrate
migrate = Migrate(app, db)
from app.models import User
# Use User.query.get instead of User.get because of sqlalchemy ?
# This function logs you in and since there is no way of storing it in the database I need the function.
# Add @app because of the way the app is structured.
@app.login_manager.user_loader
def load_user(id):
return User.query.get(id)
from app.config import DevelopmentConfig, PytestConfig,Config
def get_multiple_configs():
'''
Allows multiple configs.
For example if I type in the terminal development,
I will get that config.
'''
if app.config['DEBUG'] == 'True':
env_name = DevelopmentConfig(Config)
return env_name
elif app.config['DEBUG'] == 'False':
env_name = PytestConfig(Config)
return env_name
def create_app(config_env=get_multiple_configs):
# The function name is from the config file which is "Class config:".
app.config.from_object(config_env)
migrate.init_app(app, db)
db.init_app(app)
login_manager.init_app(app)
email.init_app(app)
csrf.init_app(app)
# blocks this from pytest. Because I get a weird error when it runs in pytest
if app.config['WTF_CSRF_ENABLED'] == True:
ckeditor.init_app(app)
from app.auth.routes import auth
from app.mail.routes import mail
from app.payment.routes import payment
from app.postinfo.routes import postinfo
app.register_blueprint(auth)
app.register_blueprint(postinfo)
app.register_blueprint(mail)
app.register_blueprint(payment)
return app
应用程序/config.py
import os
import stripe
# This gives the path the current folder is in. This is an absolute import.
# example below
# C:\Users\username\OneDrive\Desktop\flaskcodeusethis\flaskblog2\app
base_directory = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
from datetime import timedelta
# what does sqlite/// do ?
# what is object ?
class Config(object):
# Setup CSRF secret key
# change to environment variable todo!
SECRET_KEY = 'temp_secret_key'
# this is the test key for stripe
stripe.api_key = os.environ['STRIPE_SECRET_KEY']
SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False
# DATABASE_URI = sqlite:///app.db, this is the the default path, or
# " 'sqlite:///' " + "os.path.join(base_directory, 'app.db')" = sqlite:///C:\Users\user\OneDrive\Desktop\flaskcodeusethis\flaskblog2\app\app.db
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('DATABASE_URI') or \
'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(base_directory, 'app.db') # correct
''' Database For pytest'''
# DATABASE_URI = sqlite:///test_app.db", this the default path, or
# " 'sqlite:///' " + "os.path.join(base_directory, 'test_app.db')" = sqlite:///C:\Users\user\OneDrive\Desktop\flaskcodeusethis\flaskblog2\app\test_app.db
PYTEST_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('TEST_DATABASE_URI') or \
'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(base_directory, 'test_app.db')
# for 2+ databases to make the second db work
SQLALCHEMY_BINDS = { "testing_app_db": PYTEST_DATABASE_URI }
# setting up Outlook email for flask-redmail
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.gmail.com'
EMAIL_PORT = 587
# The max file size is now 16 megabytes.
MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH = 16 * 1000 * 1000
# logs you in for 6 min after closing the browser
REMEMBER_COOKIE_DURATION = timedelta(seconds=360)
from pathlib import Path
class DevelopmentConfig(Config):
# makes the debugger work
DEBUG = True
# for pytest?
TESTING = True
# need this to prevent error in redmail.
SECURITY_EMAIL_SENDER = "[email protected]"
# This will be the same value as ['DEBUG'] = ...
Mail_DEBUG = True
# This is the default email that you get when you send an email?
MAIL_DEFAULT_SENDER = None
# You can only send x amount of emails at one time. Can also be set to None.
MAIL_MAX_EMAILS = 5
# same value ['TESTING'] =. If you are testing your app if you don't want to send emails make it True?
# ['MAIL_SUPRESS_SEND'] = False
# converts the file name to ascii. ascii characters are english characters. (Why use this?)
MAIL_ASCII_ATTACHMENTS = False
# Used to save to the uploaded folder
# UPLOAD_FOLDER = r"C:\Users\user\OneDrive\Desktop\flaskcodeusethis\flaskblog2\app\static\profilepictures"
#UPLOAD_FOLDER = os.path.abspath(base_directory + r"\app\static\profilepictures")
UPLOAD_FOLDER = Path.cwd().joinpath("app", "static", "profilepictures")
# max a file can be is 1 megabyte is that big enough? Todo add warning
MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH = 1024 * 1024
CKEDITOR_PKG_TYPE = 'standard'
from redmail import gmail
# setting up gmail for flask-redmail
gmail.username = os.environ['EMAIL_USERNAME']
gmail.password = os.environ['EMAIL_PASSWORD']
# setting up the Outlook email for flask-redmail
# from redmail import outlook
# outlook.username = os.environ['EMAIL_USERNAME']
# outlook.password = os.environ['EMAIL_PASSWORD']
# EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.office365.com'
# EMAIL_PORT = '587'
'''
# depends on email provider
MAIL_PORT = None
# used for security purposes depend on email provider
MAIL_USE_TLT = False
MAIL_USE_SSL = False
'''
'''
# username of the linked mail account
MAIL_USERNAME = None
# password of the linked mail account
MAIL_PASSWORD = None
'''
# make secret key work in wtf forms
WTF_CSRF_ENABLED = True
class PytestConfig(Config):
DEBUG = False
EMAIL_HOST = 'localhost'
EMAIL_PORT = '0'
Mail_DEBUG = True
# for pytest?
TESTING = True
# This is the same value ['TESTING'] =...
# If you are testing your app and you don't want to send emails make the value True?
MAIL_SUPRESS_SEND = True
# When this is False wtf_forms is disabled. This makes 'POST' request work for pytest routes.
WTF_CSRF_ENABLED = False
SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = True
SERVER_NAME = 'localhost'
我还有一个 app/wsgi.py 文件，我在其中调用 create_app，我需要它来与 pytest 的配置一起使用。如何让代码运行？
我设法找到解决方案
我确实有一个解决方案，通过点击下面的链接并将
PytestConfighttps://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/3.0.x/testing/
现在我只有一个配置。我很好奇是否可以保留
DevelopmentConfigPytestConfig解决方案是去掉下面的代码
def get_multiple_configs():
'''
Allows multiple configs.
For example if I type in the terminal development,
I will get that config.
'''
if app.config['DEBUG'] == 'True':
env_name = DevelopmentConfig(Config)
return env_name
elif app.config['DEBUG'] == 'False':
env_name = PytestConfig(Config)
return env_name
并将其替换为
def create_app():
app = Flask(__name__)
current_config = os.environ['FLASK_ENV']
if current_config == 'dev':
app.config.from_object(DevelopmentConfig)
elif current_config == 'test':
app.config.from_object(PytestConfig)
migrate.init_app(app, db)
db.init_app(app)
login_manager.init_app(app)
email.init_app(app)
csrf.init_app(app)
# blocks this from pytest. Because I get a weird error when it runs in pytest
if app.config['WTF_CSRF_ENABLED'] == True:
ckeditor.init_app(app)
from app.auth.routes import auth
from app.mail.routes import mail
from app.payment.routes import payment
from app.postinfo.routes import postinfo
app.register_blueprint(auth)
app.register_blueprint(postinfo)
app.register_blueprint(mail)
app.register_blueprint(payment)
return app
然后在 powershell 例如 vsc 中我会运行
$env:FLASK_DEBUG='真'
$env:FLASK_ENV='dev'
flask --app 应用程序运行