我有一个json文件（名为list_of_beers），它是2种啤酒的列表：
[
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Buzz",
"tagline": "A Real Bitter Experience.",
"first_brewed": "09/2007",
"description": "A light, crisp and bitter IPA brewed with English and American hops. A small batch brewed only once.",
"image_url": "https://images.punkapi.com/v2/keg.png",
"abv": 4.5,
"ibu": 60,
"target_fg": 1010,
"target_og": 1044,
"ebc": 20,
"srm": 10,
"ph": 4.4,
"attenuation_level": 75,
"volume": {
"value": 20,
"unit": "litres"
},
"boil_volume": {
"value": 25,
"unit": "litres"
},
"method": {
"mash_temp": [
{
"temp": {
"value": 64,
"unit": "celsius"
},
"duration": 75
}
],
"fermentation": {
"temp": {
"value": 19,
"unit": "celsius"
}
},
"twist": null
},
"ingredients": {
"malt": [
{
"name": "Maris Otter Extra Pale",
"amount": {
"value": 3.3,
"unit": "kilograms"
}
},
{
"name": "Caramalt",
"amount": {
"value": 0.2,
"unit": "kilograms"
}
},
{
"name": "Munich",
"amount": {
"value": 0.4,
"unit": "kilograms"
}
}
],
"hops": [
{
"name": "Fuggles",
"amount": {
"value": 25,
"unit": "grams"
},
"add": "start",
"attribute": "bitter"
},
{
"name": "First Gold",
"amount": {
"value": 25,
"unit": "grams"
},
"add": "start",
"attribute": "bitter"
},
{
"name": "Fuggles",
"amount": {
"value": 37.5,
"unit": "grams"
},
"add": "middle",
"attribute": "flavour"
},
{
"name": "First Gold",
"amount": {
"value": 37.5,
"unit": "grams"
},
"add": "middle",
"attribute": "flavour"
},
{
"name": "Cascade",
"amount": {
"value": 37.5,
"unit": "grams"
},
"add": "end",
"attribute": "flavour"
}
],
"yeast": "Wyeast 1056 - American Ale\u2122"
},
"food_pairing": [
"Spicy chicken tikka masala",
"Grilled chicken quesadilla",
"Caramel toffee cake"
],
"brewers_tips": "The earthy and floral aromas from the hops can be overpowering. Drop a little Cascade in at the end of the boil to lift the profile with a bit of citrus.",
"contributed_by": "Sam Mason <samjbmason>"
},
{
"id": 2,
"name": "Trashy Blonde",
"tagline": "You Know You Shouldn't",
"first_brewed": "04/2008",
"description": "A titillating, neurotic, peroxide punk of a Pale Ale. Combining attitude, style, substance, and a little bit of low self esteem for good measure; what would your mother say? The seductive lure of the sassy passion fruit hop proves too much to resist. All that is even before we get onto the fact that there are no additives, preservatives, pasteurization or strings attached. All wrapped up with the customary BrewDog bite and imaginative twist.",
"image_url": "https://images.punkapi.com/v2/2.png",
"abv": 4.1,
"ibu": 41.5,
"target_fg": 1010,
"target_og": 1041.7,
"ebc": 15,
"srm": 15,
"ph": 4.4,
"attenuation_level": 76,
"volume": {
"value": 20,
"unit": "litres"
},
"boil_volume": {
"value": 25,
"unit": "litres"
},
"method": {
"mash_temp": [
{
"temp": {
"value": 69,
"unit": "celsius"
},
"duration": null
}
],
"fermentation": {
"temp": {
"value": 18,
"unit": "celsius"
}
},
"twist": null
},
"ingredients": {
"malt": [
{
"name": "Maris Otter Extra Pale",
"amount": {
"value": 3.25,
"unit": "kilograms"
}
},
{
"name": "Caramalt",
"amount": {
"value": 0.2,
"unit": "kilograms"
}
},
{
"name": "Munich",
"amount": {
"value": 0.4,
"unit": "kilograms"
}
}
],
"hops": [
{
"name": "Amarillo",
"amount": {
"value": 13.8,
"unit": "grams"
},
"add": "start",
"attribute": "bitter"
},
{
"name": "Simcoe",
"amount": {
"value": 13.8,
"unit": "grams"
},
"add": "start",
"attribute": "bitter"
},
{
"name": "Amarillo",
"amount": {
"value": 26.3,
"unit": "grams"
},
"add": "end",
"attribute": "flavour"
},
{
"name": "Motueka",
"amount": {
"value": 18.8,
"unit": "grams"
},
"add": "end",
"attribute": "flavour"
}
],
"yeast": "Wyeast 1056 - American Ale\u2122"
},
"food_pairing": [
"Fresh crab with lemon",
"Garlic butter dipping sauce",
"Goats cheese salad",
"Creamy lemon bar doused in powdered sugar"
],
"brewers_tips": "Be careful not to collect too much wort from the mash. Once the sugars are all washed out there are some very unpleasant grainy tasting compounds that can be extracted into the wort.",
"contributed_by": "Sam Mason <samjbmason>"
}
]
并且我正在尝试使用Pandas库中的json_normalize()将其标准化：
beers_after_normalization = json_normalize(data=list_of_beers)
并且输出是：
| id | name | tagline | first_brewed | description | image_url | abv | ibu | target_fg | target_og | ebc | srm | ph | attenuation_level | food_pairing | brewers_tips | contributed_by | volume.value | volume.unit | boil_volume.value | boil_volume.unit | method.mash_temp | method.fermentation.temp.value | method.fermentation.temp.unit | method.twist | ingredients.malt | ingredients.hops | ingredients.yeast |
+=====+================+============================+===============+================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================+========================================+======+=======+============+============+=======+=======+======+====================+======================================================================================================================+=========================================================================================================================================================================================+=========================+===============+==============+====================+===================+=================================================================+=================================+================================+===============+===============================================================================================================================================================================================================================+================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================+=============================+
| 1 | Buzz | A Real Bitter Experience. | 09/2007 | A light, crisp and bitter IPA brewed with English and American hops. A small batch brewed only once. | https://images.punkapi.com/v2/keg.png | 4.5 | 60.0 | 1010.0 | 1044.0 | 20.0 | 10.0 | 4.4 | 75.0 | [Spicy chicken tikka masala, Grilled chicken quesadilla, Caramel toffee cake] | The earthy and floral aromas from the hops can be overpowering. Drop a little Cascade in at the end of the boil to lift the profile with a bit of citrus. | Sam Mason <samjbmason> | 20 | litres | 25 | litres | [{'temp': {'value': 64, 'unit': 'celsius'}, 'duration': 75}] | 19.0 | celsius | None | [{'name': 'Maris Otter Extra Pale', 'amount': {'value': 3.3, 'unit': 'kilograms'}}, {'name': 'Caramalt', 'amount': {'value': 0.2, 'unit': 'kilograms'}}, {'name': 'Munich', 'amount': {'value': 0.4, 'unit': 'kilograms'}}] | [{'name': 'Fuggles', 'amount': {'value': 25, 'unit': 'grams'}, 'add': 'start', 'attribute': 'bitter'}, {'name': 'First Gold', 'amount': {'value': 25, 'unit': 'grams'}, 'add': 'start', 'attribute': 'bitter'}, {'name': 'Fuggles', 'amount': {'value': 37.5, 'unit': 'grams'}, 'add': 'middle', 'attribute': 'flavour'}, {'name': 'First Gold', 'amount': {'value': 37.5, 'unit': 'grams'}, 'add': 'middle', 'attribute': 'flavour'}, {'name': 'Cascade', 'amount': {'value': 37.5, 'unit': 'grams'}, 'add': 'end', 'attribute': 'flavour'}] | Wyeast 1056 - American Ale™ |
+-----+----------------+----------------------------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+------+-------+------------+------------+-------+-------+------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------+---------------+--------------+--------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------+--------------------------------+---------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| 2 | Trashy Blonde | You Know You Shouldn't | 04/2008 | A titillating, neurotic, peroxide punk of a Pale Ale. Combining attitude, style, substance, and a little bit of low self esteem for good measure; what would your mother say? The seductive lure of the sassy passion fruit hop proves too much to resist. All that is even before we get onto the fact that there are no additives, preservatives, pasteurization or strings attached. All wrapped up with the customary BrewDog bite and imaginative twist. | https://images.punkapi.com/v2/2.png | 4.1 | 41.5 | 1010.0 | 1041.7 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 4.4 | 76.0 | [Fresh crab with lemon, Garlic butter dipping sauce, Goats cheese salad, Creamy lemon bar doused in powdered sugar] | Be careful not to collect too much wort from the mash. Once the sugars are all washed out there are some very unpleasant grainy tasting compounds that can be extracted into the wort. | Sam Mason <samjbmason> | 20 | litres | 25 | litres | [{'temp': {'value': 69, 'unit': 'celsius'}, 'duration': None}] | 18.0 | celsius | None | [{'name': 'Maris Otter Extra Pale', 'amount': {'value': 3.25, 'unit': 'kilograms'}}, {'name': 'Caramalt', 'amount': {'value': 0.2, 'unit': 'kilograms'}}, {'name': 'Munich', 'amount': {'value': 0.4, 'unit': 'kilograms'}}] | [{'name': 'Amarillo', 'amount': {'value': 13.8, 'unit': 'grams'}, 'add': 'start', 'attribute': 'bitter'}, {'name': 'Simcoe', 'amount': {'value': 13.8, 'unit': 'grams'}, 'add': 'start', 'attribute': 'bitter'}, {'name': 'Amarillo', 'amount': {'value': 26.3, 'unit': 'grams'}, 'add': 'end', 'attribute': 'flavour'}, {'name': 'Motueka', 'amount': {'value': 18.8, 'unit': 'grams'}, 'add': 'end', 'attribute': 'flavour'}] | Wyeast 1056 - American Ale™ |
+-----+----------------+----------------------------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+------+-------+------------+------------+-------+-------+------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------+---------------+--------------+--------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------+--------------------------------+---------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
但是您可以看到，仍有几列要标准化：method.mash_temp，ingredients.malt，ingredients.hops。我的问题是怎么做？我尝试使用：
json_normalize(data=list_of_beers, record_path = ['method.mash_temp', 'ingredients.malt',
'ingredients.hops'], meta=['id', 'name', 'tagline', 'first_brewed', 'description', 'image_url',
'abv', 'ibu', 'target_fg', 'target_og', 'ebc', 'srm', 'ph',
'attenuation_level', 'food_pairing', 'brewers_tips', 'contributed_by',
'volume.value', 'volume.unit', 'boil_volume.value', 'boil_volume.unit',
'method.fermentation.temp.value',
'method.fermentation.temp.unit', 'method.twist',
'ingredients.yeast'])
但是很不幸，有一些KeyErrors; /我也尝试首先规范化我的3个嵌套列（即method.mash_temp，ingredients.malt和ingredients.hops），然后将每个列都连接到我的表中，但是老实说，我失败了在将我的表与这3列合并时-.-如果有人向我展示解决此问题的不同方法，那就太好了。预先感谢！
您将必须在同一级别为每个记录路径创建单独的数据框，然后根据键将它们合并，或者将它们保留为单独的数据框：
df_hops = pd.json_normalize(data['listofbeers'],
record_path=['ingredients', 'hops'],
meta=[['id'], ['name']],
record_prefix='hops.')
df_malt = pd.json_normalize(data['listofbeers'],
record_path=['ingredients', 'malt'],
meta=[['id'], ['name']],
record_prefix='malt.')
df_method = pd.json_normalize(data['listofbeers'],
record_path=['method', 'mash_temp'],
meta=[['id'], ['name']],
record_prefix='method.')
df = pd.concat([df_hops, df_malt], join='inner', axis=1)
print(df)
输出：
hops.name hops.add hops.attribute hops.amount.value hops.amount.unit ... malt.name malt.amount.value malt.amount.unit id name
0 Fuggles start bitter 25.0 grams ... Maris Otter Extra Pale 3.30 kilograms 1 Buzz
1 First Gold start bitter 25.0 grams ... Caramalt 0.20 kilograms 1 Buzz
2 Fuggles middle flavour 37.5 grams ... Munich 0.40 kilograms 1 Buzz
3 First Gold middle flavour 37.5 grams ... Maris Otter Extra Pale 3.25 kilograms 2 Trashy Blonde
4 Cascade end flavour 37.5 grams ... Caramalt 0.20 kilograms 2 Trashy Blonde
5 Amarillo start bitter 13.8 grams ... Munich 0.40 kilograms 2 Trashy Blonde
另一种方法是使用flatten_json，这里的文档-> Flatten JSON docs，您可以基于此模块创建自己的递归函数。