Nvidia CUDA 错误:没有可在设备上执行的内核映像

问题描述 投票:0回答:4

我有一台 NVidia GeForce GTX 770,希望将其 CUDA 功能用于我正在进行的项目。我的机器运行的是 Windows 10 64 位。

我已按照提供的 CUDA Toolkit 安装指南进行操作:https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-microsoft-windows/

安装驱动程序后,我打开示例解决方案(使用 Visual Studio 2019)并构建 deviceQuerybandwidthTest 示例。这是输出:

设备查询:

C:\ProgramData\NVIDIA Corporation\CUDA Samples\v11.3\bin\win64\Debug\deviceQuery.exe Starting...

 CUDA Device Query (Runtime API) version (CUDART static linking)

Detected 1 CUDA Capable device(s)

Device 0: "NVIDIA GeForce GTX 770"
  CUDA Driver Version / Runtime Version          11.3 / 11.3
  CUDA Capability Major/Minor version number:    3.0
  Total amount of global memory:                 2048 MBytes (2147483648 bytes)
  (008) Multiprocessors, (192) CUDA Cores/MP:    1536 CUDA Cores
  GPU Max Clock rate:                            1137 MHz (1.14 GHz)
  Memory Clock rate:                             3505 Mhz
  Memory Bus Width:                              256-bit
  L2 Cache Size:                                 524288 bytes
  Maximum Texture Dimension Size (x,y,z)         1D=(65536), 2D=(65536, 65536), 3D=(4096, 4096, 4096)
  Maximum Layered 1D Texture Size, (num) layers  1D=(16384), 2048 layers
  Maximum Layered 2D Texture Size, (num) layers  2D=(16384, 16384), 2048 layers
  Total amount of constant memory:               65536 bytes
  Total amount of shared memory per block:       49152 bytes
  Total shared memory per multiprocessor:        49152 bytes
  Total number of registers available per block: 65536
  Warp size:                                     32
  Maximum number of threads per multiprocessor:  2048
  Maximum number of threads per block:           1024
  Max dimension size of a thread block (x,y,z): (1024, 1024, 64)
  Max dimension size of a grid size    (x,y,z): (2147483647, 65535, 65535)
  Maximum memory pitch:                          2147483647 bytes
  Texture alignment:                             512 bytes
  Concurrent copy and kernel execution:          Yes with 1 copy engine(s)
  Run time limit on kernels:                     Yes
  Integrated GPU sharing Host Memory:            No
  Support host page-locked memory mapping:       Yes
  Alignment requirement for Surfaces:            Yes
  Device has ECC support:                        Disabled
  CUDA Device Driver Mode (TCC or WDDM):         WDDM (Windows Display Driver Model)
  Device supports Unified Addressing (UVA):      Yes
  Device supports Managed Memory:                Yes
  Device supports Compute Preemption:            No
  Supports Cooperative Kernel Launch:            No
  Supports MultiDevice Co-op Kernel Launch:      No
  Device PCI Domain ID / Bus ID / location ID:   0 / 3 / 0
  Compute Mode:
     < Default (multiple host threads can use ::cudaSetDevice() with device simultaneously) >

deviceQuery, CUDA Driver = CUDART, CUDA Driver Version = 11.3, CUDA Runtime Version = 11.3, NumDevs = 1
Result = PASS

带宽:

[CUDA Bandwidth Test] - Starting...
Running on...

 Device 0: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 770
 Quick Mode

 Host to Device Bandwidth, 1 Device(s)
 PINNED Memory Transfers
   Transfer Size (Bytes)    Bandwidth(GB/s)
   32000000         3.1

 Device to Host Bandwidth, 1 Device(s)
 PINNED Memory Transfers
   Transfer Size (Bytes)    Bandwidth(GB/s)
   32000000         3.4

 Device to Device Bandwidth, 1 Device(s)
 PINNED Memory Transfers
   Transfer Size (Bytes)    Bandwidth(GB/s)
   32000000         161.7

Result = PASS

NOTE: The CUDA Samples are not meant for performance measurements. Results may vary when GPU Boost is enabled.

但是,当我尝试运行任何其他示例时,例如 CUDA 11.3 运行时模板提供的起始代码:

#include "cuda_runtime.h"
#include "device_launch_parameters.h"

#include <stdio.h>

cudaError_t addWithCuda(int *c, const int *a, const int *b, unsigned int size);

__global__ void addKernel(int* c, const int* a, const int* b) {
    int i = threadIdx.x;
    c[i] = a[i] + b[i];
}

int main() {
    const int arraySize = 5;
    const int a[arraySize] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
    const int b[arraySize] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
    int c[arraySize] = { 0 };

    // Add vectors in parallel.
    cudaError_t cudaStatus = addWithCuda(c, a, b, arraySize);
    if (cudaStatus != cudaSuccess) {
        fprintf(stderr, "addWithCuda failed!");
        return 1;
    }

    printf("{1,2,3,4,5} + {10,20,30,40,50} = {%d,%d,%d,%d,%d}\n", c[0], c[1], c[2], c[3], c[4]);

    // cudaDeviceReset must be called before exiting in order for profiling and
    // tracing tools such as Nsight and Visual Profiler to show complete traces.
    cudaStatus = cudaDeviceReset();
    if (cudaStatus != cudaSuccess) {
        fprintf(stderr, "cudaDeviceReset failed!");
        return 1;
    }

    return 0;
}

// Helper function for using CUDA to add vectors in parallel.
cudaError_t addWithCuda(int* c, const int* a, const int* b, unsigned int size) {
    int* dev_a = 0;
    int* dev_b = 0;
    int* dev_c = 0;
    cudaError_t cudaStatus;

    // Choose which GPU to run on, change this on a multi-GPU system.
    cudaStatus = cudaSetDevice(0);
    if (cudaStatus != cudaSuccess) {
        fprintf(stderr, "cudaSetDevice failed!  Do you have a CUDA-capable GPU installed?");
        goto Error;
    }

    // Allocate GPU buffers for three vectors (two input, one output)    .
    cudaStatus = cudaMalloc((void**)&dev_c, size * sizeof(int));
    if (cudaStatus != cudaSuccess) {
        fprintf(stderr, "cudaMalloc failed!");
        goto Error;
    }

    cudaStatus = cudaMalloc((void**)&dev_a, size * sizeof(int));
    if (cudaStatus != cudaSuccess) {
        fprintf(stderr, "cudaMalloc failed!");
        goto Error;
    }

    cudaStatus = cudaMalloc((void**)&dev_b, size * sizeof(int));
    if (cudaStatus != cudaSuccess) {
        fprintf(stderr, "cudaMalloc failed!");
        goto Error;
    }

    // Copy input vectors from host memory to GPU buffers.
    cudaStatus = cudaMemcpy(dev_a, a, size * sizeof(int), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
    if (cudaStatus != cudaSuccess) {
        fprintf(stderr, "cudaMemcpy failed!");
        goto Error;
    }

    cudaStatus = cudaMemcpy(dev_b, b, size * sizeof(int), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
    if (cudaStatus != cudaSuccess) {
        fprintf(stderr, "cudaMemcpy failed!");
        goto Error;
    }

    // Launch a kernel on the GPU with one thread for each element.
    addKernel << <1, size >> > (dev_c, dev_a, dev_b);

    // Check for any errors launching the kernel
    cudaStatus = cudaGetLastError();
    if (cudaStatus != cudaSuccess) {
        fprintf(stderr, "addKernel launch failed: %s\n", cudaGetErrorString(cudaStatus));
        goto Error;
    }

    // cudaDeviceSynchronize waits for the kernel to finish, and returns
    // any errors encountered during the launch.
    cudaStatus = cudaDeviceSynchronize();
    if (cudaStatus != cudaSuccess) {
        fprintf(stderr, "cudaDeviceSynchronize returned error code %d after launching addKernel!\n", cudaStatus);
        goto Error;
    }

    // Copy output vector from GPU buffer to host memory.
    cudaStatus = cudaMemcpy(c, dev_c, size * sizeof(int), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
    if (cudaStatus != cudaSuccess) {
        fprintf(stderr, "cudaMemcpy failed!");
        goto Error;
    }

Error:
    cudaFree(dev_c);
    cudaFree(dev_a);
    cudaFree(dev_b);

    return cudaStatus;
}

我收到以下错误:

addKernel launch failed: no kernel image is available for execution on the device
addWithCuda failed!

从此表中:https://docs.nvidia.com/deploy/cuda-compatibility/index.html#support-hardware__table-hardware-support您可以看到我的GPU的计算能力版本(3.0)实际上是兼容的使用已安装的驱动程序(465.19.01+),那么为什么我不能运行除查询和带宽测试之外的任何代码?

cuda gpu driver nvidia
4个回答
9
投票

我也有类似的问题。我的笔记本电脑上有一张 Geforce 940 MX 卡,其 Cuda 功能为 5.0,且 CUDA 驱动程序为 11.7。

我解决这个问题的方法是将

compute_50,sm_50
包含在
Properties > CUDA C/C++ > Device > Code Generation
字段中。希望这有帮助。


6
投票

您的 GTX770 GPU 是“Kepler”架构计算能力 3.0 设备。这些设备在 CUDA 10 发布周期中已被弃用,并且从 CUDA 11.0 开始不再支持它们

CUDA 10.2 版本是最后一个支持计算 3.0 设备的工具包。您将无法使 CUDA 11.0 或更高版本与您的 GPU 配合使用。查询和带宽测试使用的 API 不会尝试在 GPU 上运行代码,这就是为什么它们可以在任何其他示例不起作用的情况下工作。


0
投票

我也有一个 GeForce 940 MX,但是,就我而言,我使用的是 KUbuntu 22.04,并且我已经解决了在编译命令中添加对该平台的支持的问题:

nvcc TestCUDA.cu -o testcu.bin --gpu-architecture=compute_50 --gpu-code=compute_50,sm_50,sm_52

之后,代码就可以正常工作了。但是,必须使用代码来处理错误以确定编译期间发生的情况。就我而言,我没有包含

cudaPeekAtLastError()
并且没有显示错误。

以下是该代支持的 SM 变体和示例卡(来源:Medium - 适用于各种 NVIDIA 卡的匹配 SM 架构(CUDA 架构和 CUDA gencode)

CUDA 7 及更高版本支持

  • 费米(CUDA 3.2 到 CUDA 8)(从 CUDA 9 开始弃用):

  • SM20 或 SM_20、compute_30 — 较旧的显卡,例如 GeForce 400、500、600、GT-630

  • 开普勒(CUDA 5 及更高版本):

  • SM30 或 SM_30、compute_30 — Kepler 架构(通用 — Tesla K40/K80、GeForce 700、GT-730) 添加对统一内存编程的支持

  • SM35 或 SM_35、compute_35 — 更具体的 Tesla K40 添加对动态并行性的支持。根据我的经验,与 SM30 相比并没有真正的优势。

  • SM37 或 SM_37、compute_37 — 更具体的 Tesla K80 添加更多寄存器。根据我的经验,与 SM30 相比并没有真正的优势 Maxwell(CUDA 6 及更高版本):

  • SM50 或 SM_50、compute_50 — Tesla/Quadro M 系列

  • SM52 或 SM_52、compute_52 — Quadro M6000、GeForce 900、GTX-970、GTX-980、GTX Titan X

  • SM53 或 SM_53、compute_53 — Tegra (Jetson) TX1 / Tegra X1 Pascal(CUDA 8 及更高版本)

  • SM60 或 SM_60、compute_60 — Quadro GP100、Tesla P100、DGX-1(通用 Pascal)

  • SM61 或 SM_61、compute_61 — GTX 1080、GTX 1070、GTX 1060、GTX 1050、GTX 1030、Titan Xp、Tesla P40、Tesla P4、NVIDIA Drive PX2 上的独立 GPU

  • SM62 或 SM_62、compute_62 — NVIDIA Drive PX2、Tegra (Jetson) TX2 上的集成 GPU

Volta(CUDA 9 及更高版本)

  • SM70 或 SM_70、compute_70 — 带 Volta 的 DGX-1、Tesla V100、GTX 1180 (GV104)、Titan V、Quadro GV100

  • SM72 或 SM_72、compute_72 — Jetson AGX Xavier 图灵(CUDA 10 及更高版本)

  • SM75 或 SM_75、compute_75 — GTX 图灵 — GTX 1660 Ti、RTX 2060、RTX 2070、RTX 2080、Titan RTX、Quadro RTX 4000、Quadro RTX 5000、Quadro RTX 6000、Quadro RTX 8000


0
投票

我在笔记本电脑上使用 Geforce 930 MX 卡时遇到同样的问题并得到这个 消息:使用以下命令调用耳语 (CPP cuBLAS):C:\Users\Waseem\Downloads\Compressed\SubtitleEditBeta\Whisper\CPP cuBLAS\main.exe --language en --model "C:\Users\Waseem\Downloads\Compressed\ SubtitleEditBeta\Whisper\Cpp\Models ase.en.bin" --output-srt --print-progress "C:\Users\Waseem\AppData\Local\Temp e5e63ec-f329-4552-82dd-21b2508d5ef3.wav"消息:使用以下命令调用耳语 (CPP cuBLAS):C:\Users\Waseem\Downloads\Compressed\SubtitleEditBeta\Whisper\CPP cuBLAS\main.exe --language en --model "C:\Users\Waseem\Downloads\Compressed\ SubtitleEditBeta\Whisper\Cpp\Models ase.en.bin" --output-srt --print-progress "C:\Users\Waseem\AppData\Local\Temp e5e63ec-f329-4552-82dd-21b2508d5ef3.wav"

谁知道如何解决这个问题以及合适的CUDA Toolkit版本是什么

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