将场景渲染到帧缓冲对象（FBO），然后将该FBO渲染到屏幕需要执行哪些步骤？

Question

我有一个相当复杂的场景，需要渲染许多GL_POINTS。该场景在很大程度上将是静态的，因此我想将其渲染到一个Framebuffer对象，然后仅在场景实际更改时更新该FBO。然后，我想将FBO每帧渲染到屏幕上。

我已经找到了将FBO渲染为纹理的示例。我找到了将FBO渲染到RenderBuffer中的示例（仍然不太清楚那是什么）。我不确定要实现此目标的步骤。我需要渲染到纹理并将纹理绘制到屏幕上吗？

您能列举一些步骤（理想情况下甚至使用伪代码或实际代码）将我的场景渲染到FBO，然后将该FBO绘制到屏幕上。

[draw()对于我自己的绘图功能来说，对于占位符是足够的。

Answer 1

我为此提供minimal FBO example

基本上，这些步骤是：创建具有深度渲染缓冲区和颜色纹理附件的FBO。若要渲染为FBO解除绑定目标纹理，请绑定FBO，然后渲染为FBO。取消绑定FBO，绑定纹理，渲染。

---

#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

void init();
void display();

int const fbo_width = 512;
int const fbo_height = 512;

GLuint fb, color, depth;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    glutInit(&argc, argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode( GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH );

    glutCreateWindow("FBO test");
    glutDisplayFunc(display);
    glutIdleFunc(glutPostRedisplay);

    glewInit();

    init();
    glutMainLoop();

    return 0;
}

void CHECK_FRAMEBUFFER_STATUS()
{                                                         
    GLenum status;
    status = glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER); 
    switch(status) {
    case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE:
        break;

    case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNSUPPORTED:
    /* choose different formats */
        break;

    default:
        /* programming error; will fail on all hardware */
        fputs("Framebuffer Error\n", stderr);
        exit(-1);
    }
}

float const light_dir[]={1,1,1,0};
float const light_color[]={1,0.95,0.9,1};

void init()
{
    glGenFramebuffers(1, &fb);
    glGenTextures(1, &color);
    glGenRenderbuffers(1, &depth);

    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fb);

    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, color);
    glTexImage2D(   GL_TEXTURE_2D, 
            0, 
            GL_RGBA, 
            fbo_width, fbo_height,
            0, 
            GL_RGBA, 
            GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 
            NULL);

    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, color, 0);

    glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, depth);
    glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT24, fbo_width, fbo_height);
    glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER, depth);

    CHECK_FRAMEBUFFER_STATUS();
}

void prepare()
{
    static float a=0, b=0, c=0;

    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
    glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fb);

    glViewport(0,0, fbo_width, fbo_height);

    glClearColor(1,1,1,0);
    glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT );

    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluPerspective(45, 1, 1, 10);

    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glLoadIdentity();

    glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);
    glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);

    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE);

    glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, light_dir);
    glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, light_color);

    glTranslatef(0,0,-5);

    glRotatef(a, 1, 0, 0);
    glRotatef(b, 0, 1, 0);
    glRotatef(c, 0, 0, 1);

    glutSolidTeapot(0.75);

    a=fmod(a+0.1, 360.);
    b=fmod(b+0.5, 360.);
    c=fmod(c+0.25, 360.);
}

void final()
{
    static float a=0, b=0, c=0;

    const int win_width  = glutGet(GLUT_WINDOW_WIDTH);
    const int win_height = glutGet(GLUT_WINDOW_HEIGHT);
    const float aspect = (float)win_width/(float)win_height;

    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);

    glViewport(0,0, win_width, win_height);

    glClearColor(1.,1.,1.,0.);
    glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT );

    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluPerspective(45, aspect, 1, 10);

    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glLoadIdentity();
    glTranslatef(0,0,-5);

    glRotatef(b, 0, 1, 0);

    b=fmod(b+0.5, 360.);

    glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, color);

    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);

    glEnable(GL_BLEND);
    glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);

    glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);

    float cube[][5]=
    {
        {-1, -1, -1,  0,  0},
        { 1, -1, -1,  1,  0},
        { 1,  1, -1,  1,  1},
        {-1,  1, -1,  0,  1},

        {-1, -1,  1, -1,  0},
        { 1, -1,  1,  0,  0},
        { 1,  1,  1,  0,  1},
        {-1,  1,  1, -1,  1},
    };
    unsigned int faces[]=
    {
        0, 1, 2, 3,
        1, 5, 6, 2,
        5, 4, 7, 6,
        4, 0, 3, 7,
        3, 2, 6, 7,
        4, 5, 1, 0
    };

    glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
    glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);

    glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 5*sizeof(float), &cube[0][0]);
    glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 5*sizeof(float), &cube[0][3]);

    glCullFace(GL_BACK);
    glDrawElements(GL_QUADS, 24, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, faces);

    glCullFace(GL_FRONT);
    glDrawElements(GL_QUADS, 24, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, faces);

    glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
    glDisableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);

}

void display()
{
    prepare();
    final();

    glutSwapBuffers();
}

Answer 2

这里是不需要纹理的替代示例：

// copy framebuffer
if(fboUsed)
{
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, fboId);
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
    glBlitFramebuffer(0, 0, TEXTURE_WIDTH, TEXTURE_HEIGHT,
                      0, 0, screenWidth, screenHeight,
                      GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT,
                      GL_LINEAR);
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
 }

用自己的变量替换变量。

显然帧缓冲区0是前缓冲区。fboId是您的帧缓冲区编号。