我正试图在C中第一次使用函数。我正在尝试编写一个经典的掷骰子游戏,掷骰子10,000次,然后打印出使用函数滚动每个数字的次数。
在下面的代码中,我在尝试设置result= roll_die (int num_sides);
时不断收到错误代码“Expected expression”。它说它发生在int
上。当我删除int
时,我收到错误代码“使用未声明的标识符'num_sides'”。我怎样才能解决这个问题?
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
int roll_die(int num_sides){
num_sides = rand() % 6;
num_sides = num_sides + 1;
return num_sides;
}
int main(void)
{
srand((int)time(0));
unsigned int counter, result, num1=0, num2=0, num3=0, num4=0, num5=0, num6=0;
unsigned int num_rolls = 10000;
for(counter=0; counter<=num_rolls; counter++)
{
result = roll_die (num_sides);
if(result==1)
num1++;
else if(result==2)
num2++;
else if(result==3)
num3++;
else if(result==4)
num4++;
else if(result==5)
num5++;
else if(result==6)
num6++;
else{
printf("Error occurred. \n"); return 0;
}
}
printf("Number of 1s rolled: %d \n", num1);
printf("Number of 2s rolled: %d \n", num2);
printf("Number of 3s rolled: %d \n", num3);
printf("Number of 4s rolled: %d \n", num4);
printf("Number of 5s rolled: %d \n", num5);
printf("Number of 6s rolled: %d \n", num6);
}
正如我在评论中指出的那样,你需要用num_sides
替换main()
中的6
,或者你需要定义和初始化变量(int num_sides = 6;
)。您的函数硬编码6作为边数并忽略传入的值(它只使用参数作为局部变量,忽略它作为值提供的内容)。
修复这两个问题导致代码如下:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
static int roll_die(int num_sides)
{
int result = rand() % num_sides + 1;
return result;
}
int main(void)
{
srand((int)time(0));
unsigned int counter, result, num1 = 0, num2 = 0, num3 = 0, num4 = 0, num5 = 0, num6 = 0;
unsigned int num_rolls = 10000;
for (counter = 0; counter <= num_rolls; counter++)
{
result = roll_die(6);
if (result == 1)
num1++;
else if (result == 2)
num2++;
else if (result == 3)
num3++;
else if (result == 4)
num4++;
else if (result == 5)
num5++;
else if (result == 6)
num6++;
else
{
printf("Error occurred. \n");
return 0;
}
}
printf("Number of 1s rolled: %d \n", num1);
printf("Number of 2s rolled: %d \n", num2);
printf("Number of 3s rolled: %d \n", num3);
printf("Number of 4s rolled: %d \n", num4);
printf("Number of 5s rolled: %d \n", num5);
printf("Number of 6s rolled: %d \n", num6);
}
示例输出:
Number of 1s rolled: 1670
Number of 2s rolled: 1653
Number of 3s rolled: 1656
Number of 4s rolled: 1687
Number of 5s rolled: 1696
Number of 6s rolled: 1639
您还应该使用数组而不是6个numX
变量。例如,使用int num[7] = { 0 };
将允许您使用roll_die()
返回的值作为数组的索引。这压缩代码如下:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
static int roll_die(int num_sides)
{
return rand() % num_sides + 1;
}
int main(void)
{
srand(time(0));
unsigned num[7] = { 0 };
unsigned num_rolls = 10000;
int num_sides = 6;
for (unsigned counter = 0; counter <= num_rolls; counter++)
num[roll_die(num_sides)]++;
for (int i = 1; i <= num_sides; i++)
printf("Number of %ds rolled: %d \n", i, num[i]);
return 0;
}
样本输出 - 由于不同的随机序列,您能否发现除前一输出之外的任何差异?应该没有!
Number of 1s rolled: 1705
Number of 2s rolled: 1651
Number of 3s rolled: 1653
Number of 4s rolled: 1616
Number of 5s rolled: 1631
Number of 6s rolled: 1745
这样可以很容易地推广N面骰子,如下所示:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
static int roll_die(int num_sides)
{
return rand() % num_sides + 1;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int num_sides = 6;
if (argc == 2)
{
num_sides = strtol(argv[1], 0, 0);
if (num_sides < 2 || num_sides > 999)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Number of sides of %d is not in the range 2..999\n", num_sides);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
srand(time(0));
unsigned num[num_sides + 1];
for (int i = 1; i <= num_sides; i++)
num[i] = 0;
unsigned num_rolls = 10000;
for (unsigned counter = 0; counter <= num_rolls; counter++)
num[roll_die(num_sides)]++;
for (int i = 1; i <= num_sides; i++)
printf("Number of %ds rolled: %d \n", i, num[i]);
return 0;
}
并且,如果此程序名为die83
,则示例运行可能如下所示:
$ ./die83 8
Number of 1s rolled: 1294
Number of 2s rolled: 1197
Number of 3s rolled: 1256
Number of 4s rolled: 1228
Number of 5s rolled: 1230
Number of 6s rolled: 1222
Number of 7s rolled: 1278
Number of 8s rolled: 1296
$