wxPython简单的图形用户界面被证明是难以捉摸的。

Question

我在GNULinux上使用Python 3.8和wxPython 4 (Phoenix)已经好几天了，但进展甚微。我需要一个非常简单的GUI，一个滚动的画布占据了全屏窗口的大部分，而在画布下面有一个滚动的面板，上面有大约4行文字。我想在画布和面板周围留出一些空白。我希望能够自动（而不是绝对）定位。我遇到的问题是：1）滚动条没有出现，2）我使用的是绝对定位，我不太确定我放置的sizer是否能发挥作用。

我一直在破解，尝试各种变化。我已经阅读了我使用的所有调用的API文档。我看了演示和样本。我看了O'Reilly上能找到的每一本书。我仍然觉得自己在理解wxPython的架构方面有很多不清楚的地方。我曾经用Python开发过很多其他的GUI应用，有TkInter和Qt，还有其他语言。所以，我在这里感觉很懵逼。

下面是当前应用的样子。

这是我目前的代码

#!/usr/bin/env python3.8

import wx

class MainWindow(wx.Frame):

  def __init__(self, title):

    screen_x = wx.SystemSettings.GetMetric(wx.SYS_SCREEN_X)
    screen_y = wx.SystemSettings.GetMetric(wx.SYS_SCREEN_Y)
    size_value = wx.Size(screen_x, screen_y)

    wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, title=title, size=size_value)
    # why does this not work?
    # super(MainWindow, self).__init__(self, None, title=title,
    #                                  size=size_value)

    canvas1 = wx.ScrolledCanvas(self, size=wx.Size(screen_x-30, 300),
                                pos=wx.Point(15, 15))
    canvas1.SetBackgroundColour('#cc20cc')
    canvas1.AlwaysShowScrollbars(True, True)
    canvas1.SetAutoLayout(1)
    canvas1.SetScrollbar(wx.VERTICAL, 0, 10, 100)
    canvas1.SetScrollbar(wx.HORIZONTAL, 0, 10, 100)
    canvas1.SetScrollRate(1, 1)

    # with open('/home/kbuchs/.emacs') as fp:
    #     txt_value = fp.read()
    # txt = wx.StaticText(canvas1, label=txt_value)

    canvas2 = wx.ScrolledCanvas(self, size=wx.Size(screen_x-30, 1000),
                                pos=wx.Point(15, 315))
    canvas2.SetBackgroundColour('#d0d020')
    canvas2.AlwaysShowScrollbars(True, True)
    canvas2.SetAutoLayout(1)
    canvas2.SetScrollRate(1, 1)

    with open('/home/kbuchs/.bashrc') as fp:
        txt_value2 = fp.read()
    txt2 = wx.StaticText(canvas2, label=txt_value2)

    sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
    self.sizer = sizer

    sizer.Add(canvas1, wx.ID_ANY, wx.ALL, 20)
    sizer.Add(canvas2, wx.ID_ANY, wx.ALL, 40)

    self.Show()


app = wx.App()
MainWindow('Git Branch History')
app.MainLoop()

这是我最近一次修改代码的尝试，以萨克森的Rolf为例。看起来两个txt部分（如果没有注释）没有被写入canvaspanels，但两个部分都在框架的顶部重叠。另外，仍然没有滚动。

#!/usr/bin/env python3.8

import wx
import wx.lib.scrolledpanel as sp

class MainWindow(wx.Frame):

  def __init__(self, title):

    screen_x = wx.SystemSettings.GetMetric(wx.SYS_SCREEN_X)
    screen_y = wx.SystemSettings.GetMetric(wx.SYS_SCREEN_Y)
    size_value = wx.Size(screen_x, screen_y)

    super(MainWindow, self).__init__(None, title=title, size=size_value)

    # canvas1 = wx.ScrolledCanvas(self, id=-1,
    canvas1 = sp.ScrolledPanel(self, id=-1,
                               size=wx.Size(screen_x, screen_y-200))
                                # pos=wx.Point(15, 15))
    canvas1.SetBackgroundColour('#ccffff')
    canvas1.AlwaysShowScrollbars(True, True)
    canvas1.SetAutoLayout(1)
    canvas1.SetupScrolling()

    with open('/home/kbuchs/.emacs') as fp:
        txt_value1 = fp.read()
    long_line = 900*'-' + '\n'
    # txt1 = wx.StaticText(canvas1, label=long_line+txt_value1)
    # txt1.SetBackgroundColour('#eeffff')

    # txt1Sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
    # txt1Sizer.Add(txt1, proportion=0, border=5)

    canvas1Sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
    canvas1Sizer.Add(canvas1, proportion=0, flag=wx.CENTER|wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, border=5)
    # canvas1Sizer.Add(txt1Sizer, proportion=0)
    # canvas1Sizer.Add(txt1, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)

    # canvas2 = wx.ScrolledCanvas(self, id=-1,
    canvas2 = sp.ScrolledPanel(self, id=-1,
                               size=wx.Size(screen_x, 200))
                                # pos=wx.Point(15, 315))

    canvas2.SetBackgroundColour('#ffffcc')
    canvas2.AlwaysShowScrollbars(True, True)
    canvas2.SetAutoLayout(1)
    canvas2.SetupScrolling()

    with open('/home/kbuchs/.bashrc') as fp:
        txt_value2 = fp.read()
    # txt2 = wx.StaticText(canvas2, label=long_line+txt_value2)
    # txt2.SetBackgroundColour('#ffffee')

    canvas2Sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
    canvas2Sizer.Add(canvas2, proportion=0, flag=wx.CENTER|wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, border=5)
    # canvas2Sizer.Add(txt2, proportion=0, flag=wx.CENTER|wx.ALL, border=20)

    sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
    self.sizer = sizer

    sizer.Add(canvas1Sizer, proportion=0, flag=wx.CENTER|wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, border=5)
    sizer.Add(canvas2Sizer, proportion=0, flag=wx.CENTER|wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, border=5)

    self.Show()


app = wx.App()
MainWindow('Git Branch History')
app.MainLoop()

Answer 1

我打算把你的画布扔掉，用TextCtrl代替，你可以用任何符合你要求的画布。希望这能给你指明正确的方向，里面有足够的内容来指明方向。

import wx

class MainWindow(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, title):

        screen_x = wx.SystemSettings.GetMetric(wx.SYS_SCREEN_X)
        screen_y = wx.SystemSettings.GetMetric(wx.SYS_SCREEN_Y)
        size_value = wx.Size(screen_x, screen_y)

        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent, title=title, size=size_value)

        #Define widgets
        tc1 = wx.TextCtrl(self, size=wx.Size(screen_x-30, 200),
            style= wx.TE_MULTILINE|wx.TE_PROCESS_ENTER|wx.TE_DONTWRAP|wx.TE_AUTO_URL)
        tc1.SetBackgroundColour('#cc2000')

        # Some Control buttons
        self.b1 = wx.Button(self, -1, "Button 1")
        self.b2 = wx.Button(self, -1, "Button 2")
        self.b3 = wx.Button(self, -1, "Quit")

        tc2 = wx.TextCtrl(self, size=wx.Size(screen_x-30, 1000),
            style= wx.TE_MULTILINE|wx.TE_PROCESS_ENTER|wx.TE_DONTWRAP)
        tc2.SetBackgroundColour('#d0d020')

        #Bind events to functions
        self.b3.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnQuit)

        #Load initial data
        try:
            with open('tips.txt') as fp:
                txt_value2 = fp.read()
        except:
            txt_value2 = "tips.txt file not found"

        txt_value2 = txt_value2 * 20

        tc1.AppendText("No data yet\n")
        tc1.AppendText("www.nodatayet.com\n")
        tc1.AppendText("                                 "*20)
        tc1.AppendText("X\n")

        tc2.write(txt_value2)

        #Define sizers
        sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        button_sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)

        #Populate sizers
        button_sizer.Add(self.b1)
        button_sizer.Add(self.b2)
        button_sizer.Add(self.b3)

        sizer.Add(tc1, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=20)
        sizer.Add(button_sizer, proportion=0, flag=wx.LEFT, border=40)
        sizer.Add(tc2, proportion=1, flag=wx.ALL, border=40)

        self.SetSizer(sizer)
        self.Show()

    def OnQuit(self, event):
        self.Destroy()

app = wx.App()
MainWindow(None,'Git Branch History')
app.MainLoop()