logic 相关问题

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c# 使用 Array.FindIndex 时索引超出范围

我目前正在尝试解决 Leetcode 问题（我是一名初学者编码器）。这就是问题：给定一个非空整数数组 nums，除了一个之外，每个元素都出现两次。找到那首单曲...

c# arrays logic

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如何使用 SFML 和 C++ 渲染贪吃蛇游戏的精灵

游戏运行良好，但它使用矩形形状，我想使用精灵渲染蛇部分。这是代码（是的，它不是那么干净，我只是想让它工作）： #包括游戏运行良好，但它使用矩形形状，我想使用精灵渲染蛇部分。这是代码（是的，它不是那么干净，我只是想让它工作）： #include <SFML/Graphics.hpp> // Graphics module #include <SFML/Audio.hpp> // Sound module #include <iostream> // Basic input/output (for errors) #include <vector> // Dynamic arrays (for snake body) #include <random> // For random food positions class Game { private: sf::Vector2u windowSize; // Size of the game window int a, b; // Length and width of a block sf::RenderWindow window; // Window object for drawing sf::Font font; // Text font sf::Clock clock; // For time measurement std::vector<sf::Vector2i> body; // Snake body (segments as coordinates) sf::Vector2i food; // Food position sf::Vector2i direction; // Snake direction int score; // Player's score bool gameOver; // Game state: finished or not int n, m; // Number of rows and columns float delay, timer; // Update delay and elapsed time sf::Music eat; // Sound effect for eating public: Game(unsigned short x, unsigned short y); // Constructor void start(); // Start the game private: void loop(); // Main game loop void events(); // Process events (keyboard, etc.) void update(); // Update game logic void render(); // Render elements on screen void gameOverScreen(); // Show "Game Over" screen sf::Vector2i getFoodPosition(); // Generate new food position }; int WinMain() { Game game(800, 600); game.start(); } int main() { Game game(800, 600); // Create object with window size 800x600 game.start(); // Call the start function } Game::Game(uint16_t x, uint16_t y) { windowSize = { x, y }; // Save window width and height window.create(sf::VideoMode(windowSize.x, windowSize.y, 1), "Snake"); // Create the window a = 50; // Set block width b = 50; // Set block height n = windowSize.x / a; // Calculate number of horizontal blocks m = windowSize.y / b; // Calculate number of vertical blocks font.loadFromFile("resources/Fonts/sfpro_bold.OTF"); // Load font for text eat.openFromFile("resources/Audio/eating_apple.mp3"); } void Game::start() { body.clear(); // Clear the snake body body.push_back({ 5,3 }); // Head body.push_back({ 4,3 }); // Body segment body.push_back({ 3,3 }); // Tail direction = { 0, 0 }; // Direction food = { getFoodPosition() }; // Initial food position gameOver = false; // Game not over (false) score = 0; // Start score from 0 loop(); // Main loop } void Game::loop() { timer = 0.f; // Accumulated time delay = 0.125f; // Game update delay while (window.isOpen()) { events(); // Handle user inputs (keyboard and mouse) timer += clock.getElapsedTime().asSeconds(); // Add elapsed time in seconds to the timer if (timer > delay) { update(); // Update the game (move snake, etc.) render(); // Render the screen (blocks, snake, food, text, etc.) timer = 0; // Reset timer } clock.restart(); // Restart the clock for the next cycle } } void Game::events() { sf::Event event; while (window.pollEvent(event)) { if (event.type == sf::Event::Closed) window.close(); if (event.type == sf::Event::KeyPressed) { if (event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::Escape) window.close(); else if (event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::Up && (direction.y != 1)) direction = { 0, -1 }; else if (event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::Down && (direction.y != -1)) direction = { 0, 1 }; else if (event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::Left && (direction.x != 1)) direction = { -1, 0 }; else if (event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::Right && (direction.x != -1)) direction = { 1, 0 }; else if (event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::R) /*if (gameOver)*/ start(); } } } void Game::update() { if (gameOver || direction == sf::Vector2i{ 0,0 }) return; sf::Vector2i newHead = body[0] + direction; for (size_t i = 1; i < body.size(); i++) { if (newHead == body[i]) { gameOver = true; return; } } if (newHead.x > n - 1 || newHead.x < 0 || newHead.y > m - 1 || newHead.y < 0) { gameOver = true; return; } if (newHead == food) { body.insert(body.begin(), newHead); food = getFoodPosition(); score++; eat.play(); } else { body.insert(body.begin(), newHead); body.pop_back(); } } void Game::render() { window.clear(); sf::RectangleShape block(sf::Vector2f(a, b)); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) { block.setPosition(i * a, j * b); int p = (i + j) % 2; block.setFillColor(sf::Color(172 - p * 7, 214 - p * 7, 67 - p * 7, 255)); window.draw(block); } } block.setPosition(food.x * a, food.y * b); block.setFillColor(sf::Color::Red); window.draw(block); for (int i = 0; i < body.size(); i++) { if (i == 0) block.setFillColor(sf::Color::Magenta); else block.setFillColor(sf::Color(0, 71, 181)); block.setPosition(body[i].x * a, body[i].y * b); window.draw(block); } sf::Text scr("Score: " + std::to_string(score), font, 32); scr.setFillColor(sf::Color::White); scr.setPosition(4, 0); window.draw(scr); if (gameOver) gameOverScreen(); window.display(); } void Game::gameOverScreen() { eat.stop(); sf::RectangleShape screen({ float(windowSize.x), float(windowSize.y) }); screen.setPosition({ 0,0 }); screen.setFillColor(sf::Color(0, 0, 0, 100)); sf::Text gameOverText(" Game over!\nPress R to restart", font, 38); gameOverText.setFillColor(sf::Color::White); gameOverText.setPosition((windowSize.x / 2) - 150, (windowSize.y / 2) - 20); window.draw(screen); window.draw(gameOverText); } sf::Vector2i Game::getFoodPosition() { std::random_device randomDevice; std::mt19937 randomNumberGenerator(randomDevice()); std::uniform_int_distribution<int> distX(0, n - 1); std::uniform_int_distribution<int> distY(0, m - 1); sf::Vector2i position; do { position.x = distX(randomNumberGenerator); position.y = distY(randomNumberGenerator); if (std::find(body.begin(), body.end(), position) == body.end()) { return position; } } while (true); } 上面的代码目前没有精灵功能，但这是我尝试过的一种方法（适用于渲染精灵）：创建纹理和精灵的地图，从文件加载纹理，将它们映射到精灵，然后我准备好了一张精灵地图。这部分并不难，我的渲染逻辑很可能存在缺陷。代码是从我拥有精灵逻辑时获取的，我基本上使用字符串来确定我应该加载哪个精灵。 sf::Vector2i prev = body[i + 1]; // sf::Vector2i next = body[i - 1]; //because i pop the tail and insert new part at the beginning if (next.x == prev.x) { spriteName = "body_vertical"; //vertical sprite | } else if (next.y == prev.y) { spriteName = "body_horizontal"; // horizontal -- } else { if (prev.x < next.x) { if (prev.y > next.y) spriteName = "body_topright"; // start top curve right downwards else spriteName = "body_bottomleft"; // bottom -> left } else if (prev.y < next.y) { spriteName = "body_topleft"; // top -> left else spriteName = "body_bottomright"; // bottom -> right } } else{ if (prev.y > next.y) { spriteName = "body_topleft"; // top -> left else spriteName = "body_bottomright"; // bottom -> right } else if (prev.y < next.y) { spriteName = "body_topright"; // top -> right else spriteName = "body_bottomleft"; // bottom -> left } } } 精灵链接：opengameart.org/content/snake-game-assets。基本上，我想要的是一些关于如何选择要加载的正确精灵以及在哪种情况下加载的反馈（头部和尾部也将受到赞赏🥹）。谢谢！这是一个稍微干净一点的代码， // choosing is based on the assumption // that the head is the last element in the body array // if not, you can simply reverse the conditions if (next == /*last in body*/) { spriteName == "head_sprite"; } else if (next == /*first in body*/) { spriteName = "tail_sprite"; } else if (next.x == prev.x || next.y == prev.y) { spriteName == "body_sprite"; } else { spriteName = "curved_sprite"; } // now rotate and reverse if (prev.x == next.x) { // rotate 90deg } else if (prev.x > next.x) { // reverse horizontally } if (prev.y > next.y) { // reverse vertically } 旋转/反转精灵比根据每种情况选择单独的精灵要方便得多。我从您附加的那些精灵中选择了snake_graphics.zip [“head_down”，“tail_down”，“body_vertical”，“body_bottomright”] 并将它们重命名为 [“head_sprite”、“tail_sprite”、“body_sprite”、“curved_sprite”] 分别。我可能错误地旋转/反转了精灵因为我不确定上一个还是下一个是当前的（“假设上一个是”），但这就是基本思想

c++ logic rendering sprite sfml

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有人知道哪里可以学习 AIMA python 库吗？

我正在上一门“人工智能简介”课程，我们被分配做一个关于使用Python中的AIMA库的简单专家系统的迷你项目（来自《人工智能：现代方法》一书）。我是哈...

python-3.x logic artificial-intelligence

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是什么导致我的河内逻辑塔无限循环？

所以我一直在使用堆栈而不是递归来编写河内塔代码，并根据维基百科关于使用迭代解决 ToH 的部分提出了以下逻辑。如果（拖...

java stack logic towers-of-hanoi

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用于审查改进大查询的示例查询

查看代码并解释修复它所需的内容。 sql 新手，这是一项复习作业。所以试图理解正在执行的逻辑是什么这将在大型查询平台上运行那个...