如何在seaborn lineplot中使用自定义误差线

问题描述 投票:0回答:2

我正在使用

seaborn.lineplot
生成一些时间序列图。我在两个列表中预先计算了特定类型的误差线,例如
upper=[1,2,3,4,5] lower=[0,1,2,3,4]
。有没有办法可以在这里自定义错误栏,而不是使用
lineplot
中的 CI 或 Std 错误栏?

matplotlib data-visualization seaborn
2个回答
17
投票

seaborn v0.12
ci
参数更改为
errorbar
。在以下示例中,使用
errorbar='sd'
代替
ci='sd'


如果您想要

seaborn.lineplot
提供的误差带/条以外的误差带/条,则必须自己绘制它们。以下是一些示例,说明如何在 matplotlib 中绘制误差带和误差条,并获得与 seaborn 中类似的绘图。它们是使用作为 pandas 数据框导入的 fmri 示例数据集构建的,并基于 seaborn 文档中关于 lineplot 函数的示例之一。

import numpy as np                 # v 1.19.2
import pandas as pd                # v 1.1.3
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt    # v 3.3.2
import seaborn as sns              # v 0.11.0

# Import dataset as a pandas dataframe
df = sns.load_dataset('fmri')

# display(df.head(3))
  subject  timepoint event    region    signal
0     s13         18  stim  parietal -0.017552
1      s5         14  stim  parietal -0.080883
2     s12         18  stim  parietal -0.081033

该数据集包含一个名为 timepoint 的时间变量,其中包含 19 个时间点中每个时间点的 56 个signal 测量值。我使用默认估计器,即平均值。为了简单起见,我没有使用平均值标准误差的置信区间作为不确定性(又称误差)的度量,而是使用每个时间点测量值的标准差。这是通过传递

lineplot
ci='sd'
中设置的,误差扩展到平均值每一侧的一个标准差(即对称)。这是带有误差带的 seaborn 线图(默认情况下)的样子:

# Draw seaborn lineplot with error band based on the standard deviation
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(9,5))
sns.lineplot(data=df, x="timepoint", y="signal", ci='sd')
sns.despine()
plt.show()

现在假设我更愿意有一个误差带,该误差带跨越均值两侧每个时间点测量值的一半标准差。由于在调用

lineplot
函数时无法设置此首选项,据我所知,最简单的解决方案是使用 matplotlib 从头开始创建绘图。

# Matplotlib plot with custom error band

# Define variables to plot
y_mean = df.groupby('timepoint').mean()['signal']
x = y_mean.index

# Compute upper and lower bounds using chosen uncertainty measure: here
# it is a fraction of the standard deviation of measurements at each
# time point based on the unbiased sample variance
y_std = df.groupby('timepoint').std()['signal']
error = 0.5*y_std
lower = y_mean - error
upper = y_mean + error

# Draw plot with error band and extra formatting to match seaborn style
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(9,5))
ax.plot(x, y_mean, label='signal mean')
ax.plot(x, lower, color='tab:blue', alpha=0.1)
ax.plot(x, upper, color='tab:blue', alpha=0.1)
ax.fill_between(x, lower, upper, alpha=0.2)
ax.set_xlabel('timepoint')
ax.set_ylabel('signal')
ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
plt.show()

如果您喜欢有误差线,这就是seaborn线图的样子:

# Draw seaborn lineplot with error bars based on the standard deviation
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(9,5))
sns.lineplot(data=df, x="timepoint", y="signal", ci='sd', err_style='bars')
sns.despine()
plt.show()

以下是如何使用自定义误差线通过 matplotlib 获得相同类型的绘图:

# Matplotlib plot with custom error bars

# If for some reason you only have lists of the lower and upper bounds
# and not a list of the errors for each point, this seaborn function can
# come in handy:
# error = sns.utils.ci_to_errsize((lower, upper), y_mean)

# Draw plot with error bars and extra formatting to match seaborn style
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(9,5))
ax.errorbar(x, y_mean, error, color='tab:blue', ecolor='tab:blue')
ax.set_xlabel('timepoint')
ax.set_ylabel('signal')
ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
plt.show()

# Note: in this example, y_mean and error are stored as pandas series
# so the same plot can be obtained using this pandas plotting function:
# y_mean.plot(yerr=error)

Matplotlib 文档:fill_ Between指定误差线子样本误差线

Pandas 文档:误差线


8
投票

我可以通过在

fill_between
本身返回的轴上调用
lineplot
来实现此目的:

from seaborn import lineplot

ax = lineplot(data=dataset, x=dataset.index, y="mean", ci=None)
ax.fill_between(dataset.index, dataset.lower, dataset.upper, alpha=0.2)

结果图像:

仅供参考,

dataset
pandas.DataFrame
,看起来像:

                         lower       mean      upper
timestamp                                           
2022-01-14 12:00:00  55.575585  62.264151  68.516173
2022-01-14 12:20:00  50.258980  57.368421  64.185814
2022-01-14 12:40:00  49.839738  55.162242  60.369063
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