如何在Python中打印文件中的某些行

问题描述 投票:0回答:2

我想帮助弄清楚如何在.txt文件中只打印出给定数量的行。

我创建了一个带有2个输入参数的函数文件(x,y),第一个'x'是文件,第二个'y'决定了它要打印多少行。

示例:假设文件名为x.txt,文件内的内容为:

>Sentence 1
I like playing games
>Sentence 2
I like jumping around
>Sentence 3
I like dancing
>Sentence 4
I like swimming
>Sentence 5
I like riding my bike

我想用这些内容做的就是让它读取然后在我调用文件(“x.txt”,3)时打印出文件中的句子,所以它只打印前3行,就像这样样本输出:

'I like playing games'
'I like jumping around'
'I like dancing'

这是我到目前为止所做的:

def file(x, y):
    file = open(x, 'r')
    g = list(range(y))
    h = [a for i, a in enumerate(file) if i in g]
    return " ' ".join(h)

我无法弄清楚如何让程序打印用户输入的行数,但到目前为止我运行程序时这是我得到的:

>Sentence 1
 ' I like playing games
 ' >Sentence 2

我只想打印句子,我不希望它打印“>句子#”部分。

有人能帮我解决这个问题吗?谢谢!

python python-3.x bioinformatics biopython fasta
2个回答
3
投票

一个简单的原生Python解决方案,我假设不以>开头的行是'句子'行:

from itertools import islice

def extract_lines(in_file, num):
    with open(in_file) as in_f:
        gen = (line for line in in_f if not line.startswith('>'))
        return '\n'.join(islice(gen, num))

但这实际上是FASTA format(现在很明显这是真的)然后我建议使用BioPython代替:

from Bio import SeqIO
from itertools import islice

def extract_lines(in_file, num):
    with open(in_file) as in_f:
        gen = (record.seq for record in SeqIO.parse(in_f, 'fasta'))
        return list(islice(gen, num))

0
投票

@Chris_Rands给出的答案很好,但是由于你在评论中要求没有导入的解决方案,这里有一种可能性:

def extract_lines(in_file, num):
    """This function generates the first *num* non-header lines
    from fasta-formatted file *in_file*."""
    nb_outputted_lines = 0
    with open(in_file, "r") as fasta:
        for line in fasta:
            if nb_outputted_lines >= num:
                break # This interrupts the for loop
            if line[0] != ">":
                yield line.strip() # strip the trailing '\n'
                nb_outputted_lines += 1

要使用它:

for line in extract_lines("x.txt", 3):
    print(line)
    # If you want the quotes:
    #print("'%s'" % line)
    # Or (python 3.6+):
    #print(f"'{line}'")
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