我进行了 LeNet-5 CNN 训练，并使用在 MNIST 数据上训练的自组织图进行训练。训练代码（为简洁起见）是：
# SOM (flattened) weights-
# m = 40, n = 40, n = 84 (LeNet's output shape/dim)
centroids = torch.randn(m * n, dim, device = device, dtype = torch.float32)
locs = [np.array([i, j]) for i in range(m) for j in range(n)]
locations = torch.LongTensor(np.asarray(locs)).to(device)
del locs
def get_bmu_distance_squares(bmu_loc):
bmu_distance_squares = torch.sum(
input = torch.square(locations.float() - bmu_loc),
dim = 1
)
return bmu_distance_squares
distance_mat = torch.stack([get_bmu_distance_squares(loc) for loc in locations])
centroids = centroids.to(device)
num_epochs = 50
qe_train = list()
step = 1
for epoch in range(1, num_epochs + 1):
qe_epoch = 0.0
for x, y in train_loader:
x = x.to(device)
z = model(x)
# SOM training code:
batch_size = len(z)
# Compute distances from batch to (all SOM units) centroids-
dists = torch.cdist(x1 = z, x2 = centroids, p = p_norm)
# Find closest (BMU) and retrieve the gaussian correlation matrix
# for each point in the batch
# bmu_loc is BS, num points-
mindist, bmu_index = torch.min(dists, -1)
# print(f"quantization error = {mindist.mean():.4f}")
bmu_loc = locations[bmu_index]
# Compute the SOM weight update:
# Update LR
# It is a matrix of shape (BS, centroids) or, (BS, mxn) and tells
# for each input how much it will affect each (SOM unit) centroid-
bmu_distance_squares = distance_mat[bmu_index]
# Get current lr and neighbourhood radius for current step-
decay_val = scheduler(it = step, tot = int(len(train_loader) * num_epochs))
curr_alpha = (alpha * decay_val).to(device)
curr_sigma = (sigma * decay_val).to(device)
# Compute Gaussian neighbourhood function-
neighborhood_func = torch.exp(torch.neg(torch.div(bmu_distance_squares, ((2 * torch.square(curr_sigma)) + 1e-5))))
expanded_z = z.unsqueeze(dim = 1).expand(-1, grid_size, -1)
expanded_weights = centroids.unsqueeze(0).expand((batch_size, -1, -1))
delta = expanded_z - expanded_weights
lr_multiplier = curr_alpha * neighborhood_func
delta.mul_(lr_multiplier.reshape(*lr_multiplier.size(), 1).expand_as(delta))
delta = torch.mean(delta, dim = 0)
new_weights = torch.add(centroids, delta)
centroids = new_weights
# return bmu_loc, torch.mean(mindist)
# Compute quantization error los-
qe_loss = torch.mean(mindist)
qe_epoch += qe_loss.item()
# Empty accumulated gradients-
optimizer.zero_grad()
# Perform backprop-
qe_loss.backward()
# Update model trainable params-
optimizer.step()
step += 1
qe_train.append(qe_epoch / len(train_loader))
print(f"\nepoch = {epoch}, QE = {qe_epoch / len(train_loader):.4f}"
f" & SOM wts L2-norm = {torch.norm(input = centroids, p = 2).item():.4f}"
)
尝试执行此代码时，我收到错误：
第252行：qe_loss.backward()
Traceback (most recent call last): File "c:\some_dir\som_lenet5.py", line 252, in <module>
qe_loss.backward() File "c:\pytorch_venv\pytorch_cuda\lib\site-packages\torch\_tensor.py", line 522, in backward
torch.autograd.backward( File "c:\pytorch_venv\pytorch_cuda\lib\site-packages\torch\autograd\__init__.py", line 266, in backward
Variable._execution_engine.run_backward( # Calls into the C++ engine to run the backward pass RuntimeError: Trying to backward through the graph a second time (or directly access saved tensors after they have already been freed). Saved intermediate values of the graph are freed when you call .backward() or autograd.grad(). Specify retain_graph=True if you need to backward through the graph a second time or if you need to access saved tensors after calling backward.
问题是梯度在迭代过程中保持在
centroidsdistscentroidscentroidsnn-11centroids